Category Archives: Difficult Questions

Why do animals suffer?

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From a theological perspective I consider this to be a tougher question than “why do humans suffer“.

I believe that we have to return to the premise that God purposes to create a world within which humans become his reflection in exercising free will in a perfect way. What we currently observe is a “work in progress” towards that objective. Once we come to grips with the realization that such a world seems almost paradoxically impossible then we also realize that there are probably some parameters which are incomprehensible to us at present. Since God by definition would always take the best option in to achieve his purpose, we can only work on the basis that what we see around us is indeed the best option, even if some elements of it seem out of place to us.

The reality is that suffering is subjective in the first place, and we simply have no idea what level of suffering animals experience – both physically and psychologically. However I personally would not hide behind some sort of pretence that animals don’t really suffer at all. I am a firm believer from personal observation that animals reflect emotions of fear and experience pain similar to our own.

Lion Hunt
The Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal – British Museum
Of course a great deal of animal suffering can be attributed to humans who abuse the natural environment. Man was originally assigned the task of care taking the earth (Gen 1:28). Had they done so perfectly then we can imagine quite a different scenario to what we see now. That said, it would certainly appear that animal suffering precedes the appearance of humanity on the scene. We can infer from evidence of predation and disease in the fossil records that animals probably suffered to some degree even during the creation process.

One important factor to consider is that, if humanity is to reflect God’s quality of love at all times, even with perfect free will, then it is plausible that man could not conceive of love without observing an environment which simultaneously demonstrates God’s love AND pure free will as exercised by creatures acting on instinct alone.

The food chain is clearly a practical creation, but along with disease and decay, may also be intended to serve a demonstrative purpose.

One thing is for sure – we do not know exactly how things will be ordered in the “new heavens and new earth” that we await according to God’s promise (2 Peter 3:13). Will animal suffering continue in that environment. There are certain prophetic scriptures that indicate peace in the animal realm as well as the human one.

The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the young goat, and the calf and the lion and the fattened calf together; and a little child shall lead them.
Isaiah 11:6

The wolf and the lamb shall graze together; the lion shall eat straw like the ox, and dust shall be the serpent’s food. They shall not hurt or destroy in all my holy mountain,” says the LORD.
Isaiah 65:25

Whether these promise are literal or not, temporary or not, only time will tell.

Who Made God?

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Is this really a difficult question? I suppose it is reasonable to ask it of those believers who hinge their whole argument on “every effect must have a cause and therefore the universe must have had a cause”. In this framework the question of where the universe comes from simply backs up one stage, and the question of who made God comes into play.

On the other hand if we work on the perfectly logical basis that an almighty God is exterior to our universe and not subjected to the physical laws on which we base our natural presuppositions of “cause and effect” then the question is void of meaning.

Now that by no means that it is a bad or illogical question to ask. It’s just that certain questions are only valid provided that they rest on solid premises. In this case the premises for the question depend on God being contingent on the same laws as we are. But as the creator of all things including the laws, the premise in this case cannot stand.

We cannot even state any premises to replace them, which in the minds of some people is just a way to avoid the question. But the reality is that things are what they are. If the laws governing God’s existence are different from ours, or indeed God is not governed by any laws that would be comprehensible to us, then that’s just the way it is.

One thing I will say is that nobody had to explain a timeless God to me. When I was a very young person I recall that I reached the conclusion that if God created all things then he must have created time. If God created time then he most likely is not constrained by time as we know it. Therefore the eternal nature of God, and his lack of contingency, was not severely problematic for me to grasp. I’m not saying I was bright or right. I’m simply saying that some people can accept these facts and comprehend that the problem is not solvable in terms that can be described in general physical terms. I actually still struggle to see why very smart people sometimes make a great deal out of this question rather than acknowledge that the premise of an almighty God outside of space and time means that the question is inherently likely to lead to paradoxical responses.

It’s not a case of avoiding a valid question. It’s a case of not wasting time over attempting to answer an an invalid question.

Why Do Humans Suffer?

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The human condition is simultaneously marvellous and dreadful. We could write so much about how existence can be wonderful, and indeed on balance is wonderful for many people. Yet it must be acknowledged that for many people life is mostly full of misery. Even God’s Word teaches this reality.

The years of our life are seventy, or even by reason of strength eighty; yet their span is but toil and trouble; they are soon gone, and we fly away.
Psalm 90:10

Even worse is the reality that some lives are short and painful. Children are abused and killed. Some are used as soldiers and made to kill others. So why do humans suffer so much?

The real question is – who is responsible for such things?

It’s an easy thing to blame God, or to view suffering as an argument against His existence. But is that a rational response?

The Bible is often written in poetic language, but clearly presents the following facts:

  1. God was responsible for the production of all things, including human beings as creatures with the capability to reflect his own qualities (Gen 1:27).
  2. Human beings were endowed with the gift of free will – the ability to make free moral choices, for better or for worse. For a reason, or reasons, not fully explained, a creature from the spirit realm – identified as Satan the Devil – was permitted to influence humans into making bad choices, and has been doing so over a long period of time. (Gen 3:4)
  3. Despite this influence humans often exercise their free will in overwhelmingly positive ways.
  4. The end in view is that the human race will eventually exercise free will only in positive ways. At that point God will have achieved the seemingly impossible – the production of creatures in His image that just like Him make free choices, but always for the common good.

Difficult Questions for Christians

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Difficult questions for ChristiansDid anyone say it would be easy? Do atheists, or does anyone at all for that matter, sit in any ivory tower of knowledge, with the ability to answer every question that comes their way? Far from it. And nobody really expects it. But putting a heavy “burden of proof” on those with whom you do not agree is a common tactic when debating life’s big questions.

The Christian is encouraged to “always being prepared to make a defence to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you” (1 Pet 3:15). There certainly are difficult questions for Christians and we need to face up to them. However that does not mean that the Christian hope is invalidated if a single difficult question cannot be easily answered. It is no more fair to expect a Christian to be able to comprehensively answer any and every question than for any individual to answer every question applicable to their framework of belief.

Imagine asking a physicist a question about quantum physics to which there is as yet no clear answer. Is the physicist deficient if s/he simply acknowledges the limits to present knowledge? Absolutely not! So we should play by the same rules whatever field of knowledge we are dealing with. Of course that doesn’t mean that we can claim to be a physicist if we have no knowledge of the field whatsoever. Christians, like physicists, must have some knowledge of their field in order to credibly call themselves such. It would just be unreasonable to expect every physicist to answer every question in the field of physics. Some questions may be answerable but those answers simply lie outside of an individual’s current sphere of knowledge, and other questions may exist to which answers are simply unknown in general.

All that said there are certain questions that are commonly presented as arguments against the Christian faith, and we will try to build a growing list of those on this page. The difficulties involved in answering these questions will vary. We will try to present some scriptural and logical responses where possible. Yet it is always preferable for anyone to humbly admit that they do not have an answer in preference to trying to “fudge” an answer that doesn’t satisfy any standard of human reason.

Questions and Answers

Please click on a question for more information.

Isn’t a Christian an atheist with respect to all “gods” except the Judeo-Christian God?

Isn’t your religion just a game of chance based upon your place of birth?

Why do humans suffer?

Why do animals suffer?

Who made God?

Ask New Questions

Please send new questions through our contact page. We’ll try to address all reasonable questions on this page, or via a more complete article. It might take time to do this, but we’ll prioritize the more common questions.

Difficult questions for ChristiansI promise to publish any reasonable and question relevant to Christian belief on this page, or within an appropriate article. I will do my very best to be intellectually honest at all times. If I don’t know any satisfactory answer at this time I will still publish the question, and perhaps in time other people will send comments that will help me to provide answers. If you leave your email address via the contact form then I promise to give you an email reply to let you know what the status of any question is.

Questions can be from any perspective, e.g. atheist, agnostic, Muslim, Jewish, or simply from doubting Christians.

For those asking questions in order to disprove Christianity, then fair enough. There is no reason that you should not raise what you consider to be logical objections, and Christians should be able to defend their faith and respond in a logical way.

For those of us looking to bolster our Christian spirituality by raising important questions to which we do not currently have the answers it is important to know that the Bible candidly records many people who asked rational questions. They were never condemned for questioning the Almighty as if we humans are overstepping our boundaries by doing so. Rather the Creator of all things is ready and willing to fulfil our desire for satisfying answers.

Recommended reading: Proverbs 2:1-9

Isn’t your religion just a game of chance based upon your place of birth?

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To some extent this is true. But what should a person infer from this? Had you been around when Christianity was first taking root in first century Palestine what would have been your chances to have been one of the relatively small group in the upper room who were first anointed with holy spirit? (Acts 2:1-21) What about your chances of being a convert to Christianity at all during that period? Pretty slim I would think. Just as the chances of Christianity itself surviving as a Jewish sect were pretty slim. But God purposed that people would gradually be drawn to himself through his Son, and so it came to pass. The point is that there are elements of probability to the outcome floor any individual, but certainty that God’s express will will be realized in any situation.

Now what does it matter if the chance is indeed greater for one human being to be born into or at least exposed to a Christian environment at some point.

The question only truly has weight if eternal salvation is dependent on becoming a baptised Christian during our present short lifespan. If this were true then it would matter a great deal. If would be unjust of God to leave the deck stacked against people based on where they are born or indeed any other variable. But such a premise is a misunderstanding on the part of many people. Once we understand what the true meaning of the Christian Gospel is then we come to an appreciation that God’s justice is beyond question in the way he has arranged things.

For a full explanation please see “What is the Christian Gospel?“

Isn’t a Christian an atheist with respect to all “gods” except the Judeo-Christian God?

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If you watch and/or listen to atheist vs Christian debates then you will likely hear this question frequently posed by the atheist side. It’s a reasonable question. If a Nordic time-traveller was to visit us from the past and claim that Thor and other gods within their framework of belief were real, then as Christians we would appear to be atheists in one sense to them. However the direct and true answer is that Christians are not atheist in any frame of reference because Christians believe in a God, and atheism by definition means the belief that there is not a God or any number of gods.

What the atheist is really asking is why should a person believe in the Christian God in preference to all the other gods that humans have imagined over history?

Well the God of the Bible understands that question, and addresses it head-on. Whereas many civilizations simply accepted the existence of many gods, the Bible very specifically establishes that there is only one True God that is able to bring his will to fruition.

Here are some examples:

“To you it was shown, that you might know that the LORD is God; there is no other besides him.” (Deuteronomy 4:35)

“Therefore you are great, O LORD God. For there is none like you, and there is no God besides you” (2 Samuel 7:22)

“For you are great and do wondrous things; you alone are God.” (Psalm 86:10)

“I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me” (Isaiah 46:9)

“And this is eternal life, that they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.” (John 17:3)

See also: Deuteronomy 6:4; 32:39; 1 Kings 8:60; 2 Kings 5:15; 19:15; 1 Chronicles 17:20; Nehemiah 9:6; Psalm 18:31; Isaiah 37:16,20; 43:10,11; 44:6,8; 45:21; Hosea 13:4; Joel 2:27; Zechariah 14:9; Mark 12:29-34; Romans 3:30; 1 Corinthians 8:4-6; Galatians 3:20; Ephesians 4:6; 1 Timothy 1:17; 2:5; James 2:19

Framing the Christian as someone who just happens to believe in one god and rejects millions of others is not a reasonable representation of the Christian faith. It implies that belief in any one or number of gods is equally as plausible or implausible as belief in any other.

However, that’s not the way it is. There is a reason why belief in the Judeo-Christian God of the Bible sits perfectly well with modern science for many people, whereas a belief in the Norse god Thor does not.